Effects of Humidity on Hardwood Flooring

Hardwood flooring is a favorite among homeowners for its timeless beauty, durability, and low maintenance. It adds significant curb appeal to your space and, unlike carpet, doesn’t trap dust and allergens, promoting a healthier indoor environment.

However, while hardwood flooring has many benefits, it’s not immune to damage. One of the biggest threats to hardwood floors is relative humidity. Understanding what relative humidity is, how it affects your flooring, and how to prevent humidity-related damage can help you protect this valuable investment.

What Is Relative Humidity?

Relative humidity (RH) is a measure of how much water vapor is in the air compared to the maximum amount the air can hold at a specific temperature. For example, if the RH is 55%, the air contains 55% of the water vapor it can hold at that temperature. For hardwood floors, the ideal relative humidity range is 30-50%. If the humidity level drops below 30% or rises above 50%, your hardwood flooring could be at risk of damage.

How Does Relative Humidity Affect Hardwood Floors?

When the relative humidity in your home fluctuates outside the ideal range, it can cause several types of damage to hardwood flooring. Here are some common problems associated with both high and low humidity levels:

1. Cracking and Splitting

High humidity levels can cause hardwood to expand. When the wood absorbs too much moisture, the floorboards may press against each other, leading to cracks or splits. This is especially common if the boards have little room to expand.

2. Buckling

Buckling occurs when hardwood floors absorb too much moisture, causing the boards to swell and push upwards. If your floors have areas that are raised or bent, especially after exposure to high humidity or water, buckling may be the culprit. As humidity drops, the floor may settle, leaving gaps between the wood and the subfloor.

3. Gapping

Low relative humidity levels can lead to shrinkage of hardwood floors. When the air is too dry, the wood contracts, causing gaps to form between the floorboards. While some gaps may close as humidity levels return to normal, others might persist and require professional repair to avoid further damage.

4. Cupping and Crowning

• Cupping happens when the edges of the floorboards are higher than the center, creating a concave shape. This is usually caused by excessive moisture from below, such as from a damp basement or crawlspace.
• Crowning is the opposite, where the center of the floorboard is higher than the edges. This can occur if the floor absorbs moisture from above or if the boards were sanded too soon after cupping.

Both cupping and crowning can distort the appearance of your floor and may require professional refinishing or repairs.

How to Prevent Humidity Damage to Hardwood Floors

To protect your hardwood floors from humidity-related issues, it’s essential to maintain consistent humidity levels and take proactive measures. Here are a few tips:

1. Control Indoor Humidity

The most effective way to prevent humidity damage is to keep the relative humidity in your home within the 30-50% range. If the humidity is too high, use a dehumidifier to bring it down. In winter months, when humidity levels tend to drop, a humidifier can help maintain moisture levels in the air.

2. Ensure Proper Ventilation

Good ventilation is key to keeping humidity levels in check. Make sure your home is well-ventilated, especially in moisture-prone areas like kitchens, bathrooms, and basements. Running your HVAC system regularly can help circulate air and regulate indoor humidity.

3. Use Correct Cleaning Techniques

When cleaning hardwood floors, avoid leaving excess moisture on the surface. Instead of using a soaking wet mop, opt for a damp cloth or mop to clean the floors. This will prevent water from seeping into the wood, which could lead to swelling and damage.

4. Professional Installation Matters

A properly installed hardwood floor can better withstand changes in humidity. An experienced flooring contractor will ensure that there is enough space between the boards to allow for natural expansion and contraction. This helps minimize the risk of cracking, buckling, or gapping.

Protect Your Hardwood Floors with Expert Help

By understanding how relative humidity affects hardwood floors and taking preventive measures, you can avoid costly repairs and keep your floors looking beautiful for years to come. However, if you’re dealing with humidity damage or want to ensure your hardwood floors are properly installed and maintained, working with a professional is the best way to safeguard your investment.

At Rejuvenation Floor & Design, we specialize in hardwood flooring installation, refinishing, and maintenance. Our experts can help you keep your floors in top condition and provide guidance on how to protect them from humidity damage. Contact us today to schedule a consultation or learn more about our services!